Intestinal Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting with symptoms similar to inflammatory bowel disease: a case report.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease characterized by the abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells within a single organ or multiple organs. This case report aims to improve the knowledge of the presentation of gastrointestinal Langerhans cell histiocytosis to facilitate the diagnosis and management of this rare disorder. Case presentation: A 19-month-old female presented with repeatedly mucinous bloody stools. The abdominal ultrasound revealed a slightly enlarged spleen. The initial colonoscopy revealed chronic enteritis with a very early onset inflammatory bowel disease. After anti-inflammatory treatment without improvement, an intestinal biopsy was performed at The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. The final intestinal biopsy and histopathology examination confirmed the presence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. After diagnosis, additional lung and head imaging examinations revealed no abnormalities. Her condition improved gradually after being treated with chemotherapy (vincristine and prednisone) and molecular-targeted drug(dalafinil) treatment. Conclusion: The clinical symptoms of Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving the gastrointestinal tract are not specific and may resemble symptoms observed in inflammatory bowel disease and other primary gastrointestinal tumors. Therefore, in cases of infants presenting with inflammatory gastrointestinal symptoms that do not resolve after treatment, a biopsy is essential to obtain a differential diagnosis.

Characteristic volatile components analysis of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz by GC-MS and their antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is an oilseed plant common in Europe and Asia. This study used the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to examine the differences in the aroma on the basis of extraction method such as water distillation extraction (CSPW), Solid-phase microextraction (CSPM) and subcritical extraction (CSPS). Antibacterial test was evaluated by the microdilution method against Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Strepococcus pyogenens, Staphylococcus aureus, and antioxidant activity was determined through DPPH free radical, hydroxyl free radical, and superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity activity. The result revealed that three extraction methods were distinct from each other based on their volatile compounds. Sixty-one volatiles of diverse chemical nature were identified and quantified. The volatile components contain thioether, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, esters, alkene, alkanes, amide, and furan compounds. The volatile components of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz have good antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, this work provides reference methods for detecting novel volatile organic compounds in plants and products.

Integrated analysis reveals the regulatory mechanism of the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 on the metabolic dysregulation in rabbit granulosa cells.

BACKGROUND: Neddylation, an important post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins, plays a crucial role in follicular development. MLN4924 is a small-molecule inhibitor of the neddylation-activating enzyme (NAE) that regulates various biological processes. However, the regulatory mechanisms of neddylation in rabbit ovarian cells have not been emphasized. Here, the transcriptome and metabolome profiles in granulosa cells (GCs) treated with MLN4924 were utilized to identify differentially expressed genes, followed by pathway analysis to precisely define the altered metabolisms. RESULTS: The results showed that 563 upregulated and 910 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in pathways related to cancer, cell cycle, PI3K-AKT, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and PPAR signaling pathway. Furthermore, we characterized that MLN4924 inhibits PPAR-mediated lipid metabolism, and disrupts the cell cycle by promoting the apoptosis and proliferation of GCs. Importantly, we found the reduction of several metabolites in the MLN4924 treated GCs, including glycerophosphocholine, arachidic acid, and palmitic acid, which was consistent with the deregulation of PPAR signaling pathways. Furthermore, the increased metabolites included 6-Deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucono-1,5-lactone and N-Acetyl-D-glucosaminyldiphosphodolichol. Combined with transcriptome data analyses, we identified genes that strongly correlate with metabolic dysregulation, particularly those related to glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, neddylation inhibition may disrupt the energy metabolism of GCs. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a foundation for in-depth research into the role and molecular mechanism of neddylation in ovary development.

Toxin gene detection and antibiotic resistance of Clostridium perfringens from aquatic sources.

Clostridium perfringens is a zoonotic opportunistic pathogen that produces toxins that can cause necrotic enteritis and even "sudden death disease". This bacterium is widely distributed in the intestines of livestock and human, but there are few reports of distribution in aquatic animals (Hafeez et al., 2022). In order to explore the isolation rate of C. perfringens and the toxin genes they carry, 141 aquatic samples, including clams (Ruditapes philippinarum), oysters (Ostreidae), and mud snails (Bullacta exerata Philippi), were collected from the coastal areas of Shandong Province, China. C. perfringens strains were tested for cpa, cpb, etx, iap, cpb2, cpe, netB, and tpeL genes. 45 clam samples were boiled at 100 °C for 5 min before bacteria isolation. 80 strains were isolated from 141 samples with the positive rate being 57 %.And the positive rates of cooked clams was 87 % which was higher than the average. In detection of 8 toxin genes, all strains tested cpa positive, 3 strains netB positive, and 2 cpb and cpe, respectively. 64 strains were selected to analyze the antibiotic resistance phenotype of 10 antibiotics. The average antibiotic resistance rates of the strains to tetracycline, clindamycin, and ampicillin were 45 %, 20 %, and 16 % respectively, and the MIC of 4 strains to clindamycin was ≥128 µg/mL. A high isolation rate of C. perfringens from aquatic animals was shown, and it was isolated from boiled clams for the first time, in which cpe and netB toxin genes were detected for the first time too. The toxin encoded by cpe gene can cause food poisoning of human, thus the discoveries of this study have certain guiding significance for food safety. Antibiotics resistant C. perfringens of aquatic origin may arise from transmission in the terrestrial environment or from antibiotic contamination of the aquaculture environment and is of public health significance.

Association between dietary patterns and premenstrual disorders: a cross-sectional analysis of 1382 college students in China.

Premenstrual disorders (PMDs) are common among young women and have been linked to metabolic dysfunction. Limited evidence exists regarding the associations between dietary patterns and PMDs. This cross-sectional study involved young female adults recruited from the Care of Premenstrual Emotion (COPE) cohort study in China to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and PMDs in young adulthood. PMDs were assessed using the Calendar of Premenstrual Experiences, and the consumption frequency of 12 common food groups was evaluated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. We used principal component analysis to identify the dietary patterns and employed logistic regression to investigate the association between dietary pattern adherence and PMDs. The study included 1382 participants, of whom 337 (24.4%) reported having PMDs. Three dietary patterns were identified and named based on regional food preferences: the Traditional North China Diet (TNCD), the Traditional South China Diet (TSCD), and the Lacto-ovo Vegetarian Diet (LVD). The TSCD, characterized by high consumption of rice, red meat, and poultry, showed a significant inverse association with PMDs. This pattern held good for both premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. These findings suggest that targeted dietary modifications could serve as a localized strategy for PMDs prevention.

Identification of ANKRD13D as a potential target in renal cell carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: The correlation of the expression of ankyrin repeat domain (ANKRD) family members with renal cell carcinoma prognosis was investigated. METHODS: The GEPIA2, GEO2R, UALCAN, GDC, OncoLnc, TIMER, PanglaoDB, CancerSEA, and Tabula Muris databases were used. Twelve ANKRD family members were identified as having overexpressed renal cell carcinoma samples. The ANKRD13D was identified as a renal cell carcinoma-specific target by cross-referencing the multiple survival databases. To clarify the role of ANKRD13D, the expression of NAKRD13D was analyzed at the single-cell level. RESULTS: ANKRD13D was mainly expressed in immune cells and positively correlated with Treg cell infiltration. The expression of ANKRD13D was also positively correlated with PDCD1, CTLA4, LAG3, TNFSF14, and ISG20. The overexpression of ANKRD13D in Treg was confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The structure of ANKRD13D was predicted using AlphaFold. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we identified ANKRD13D as a key immune regulator, and targeting ANKRD13D with immune checkpoints blockade may be a promoting strategy for renal cell carcinoma immunotherapy.

Platelet Vesicles Synergetic with Biosynthetic Cellulose Aerogels for Ultra-Fast Hemostasis and Wound Healing.

Achieving hemostasis in penetrating and irregular wounds is challenging because the hemostasis factor cannot arrive at the bleeding site, and substantial bleeding will wash away the blood clot. Since the inherently gradual nature of blood clot formation takes time, a physical barrier is needed before blood clot formation. Herein, an ultra-light and shape memory hemostatic aerogel consisting of oxidized bacterial cellulose (OBC) and platelet extracellular vesicles (pVEs) is reported. The OBC-pVEs aerogel provides a physical barrier for the bleeding site by self-expansion, absorbing the liquid from blood to concentrate platelets and clotting factors and accelerating the clot formation by activating platelets and transforming fibrinogen into fibrin. In the rat liver and tail injury models, the blood loss decreases by 73% and 59%, and the bleeding times are reduced by 55% and 62%, respectively. OBC-pVEs aerogel has also been shown to accelerate wound healing. In conclusion, this work introduces an effective tool for treating deep, non-compressible, and irregular wounds and offers valuable strategies for trauma bleeding and wound treatment.

Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil greenhouse gas emissions: A systematic review.

In the context of global warming, increasingly widespread and frequent freezing and thawing cycles (FTCs) will have profound effects on the biogeochemical cycling of soil carbon and nitrogen. FTCs can increase soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by reducing the stability of soil aggregates, promoting the release of dissolved organic carbon, decreasing the number of microorganisms, inducing cell rupture, and releasing carbon and nitrogen nutrients for use by surviving microorganisms. However, the similarity and disparity of the mechanisms potentially contributing to changes in GHGs have not been systematically evaluated. The present study consolidates the most recent findings on the dynamics of soil carbon and nitrogen, as well as GHGs, in relation to FTCs. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of FTCs on soil GHGs in a systematic manner. In this study, particular emphasis is given to the following: (i) the reaction mechanism involved; (ii) variations in soil composition in different types of land (e.g., forest, peatland, farmland, and grassland); (iii) changes in soil structure in response to cycles of freezing temperatures; (iv) alterations in microbial biomass and community structure that may provide further insight into the fluctuations in GHGs after FTCs. The challenges identified included the extension of laboratory-scale research to ecosystem scales, the performance of in-depth investigation of the coupled effects of carbon, nitrogen, and water in the freeze-thaw process, and analysis of the effects of FTCs through the use of integrated research tools. The results of this study can provide a valuable point of reference for future experimental designs and scientific investigations and can also assist in the analysis of the attributes of GHG emissions from soil and the ecological consequences of the factors that influence these emissions in the context of global permafrost warming.

Genomic analysis and experimental pathogenic characterization of Riemerella anatipestifer isolates from chickens in China.

Waterfowl have a high likelihood of being infected with Riemerella anatipestifer. Although the pathogen is found in domestic ducks, turkeys, geese, and wild birds, there is little information available about the consequences of infection during egg laying and hatching in chickens. Here, we present the first report of a novel sequence type of R. anatipestifer S63 isolated from chickens in China. On the basis of pan-genome analysis, we showed S63's genome occupies a distinct branch with other R. anatipestifer isolates from other hosts. Galleria mellonella larval tests indicated that S63 is less virulent than R. anatipestifer Ra36 isolated from ducks. Ducks and hens are susceptible to S63 infection. There is no mortality rate for chickens or ducks, but adult chickens experience neurological symptoms that reduce egg production and hatching rates. In chickens, S63 might be passed vertically from parents to offspring, resulting in "jelly-like" lifeless embryos. Using quantitative PCR, S63 was detected in the brain, liver, reproductive organs, and embryos. As far as we know, this is the first report of R. anatipestifer in hens, a disease that can reduce egg productivity, lower hatching rates, and produce jelly-like lifeless embryos, and the first report to raise the possibility that hens can be infected by roosters via semen.

Urinary protein changes during the short-term growth and development of rats.

Can the urine proteome reflect short-term changes in the growth and development of animals? Do short-term developmental effects on urinary protein need to be considered when performing urine marker studies using model animals with faster growing periods? In this study, urine samples were collected from 10 Wistar rats aged 6-8 weeks 3 and 6 days apart. The results showed that the urine proteome could sensitively reflect short-term growth and development in rats. For example, comparing the urine proteome of Day 0 and Day 6, 195 differential proteins were identified after screening (FC ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 0.67, P < 0.05), and verified by randomization, the average number of randomly generated differential proteins was 17.99. At least 90.77 % of the differential proteins were not randomly generated. This finding demonstrates that the differential proteins identified in the samples collected at different time points were not randomly generated. A large number of biological processes and pathways related to growth and development were enriched, which shows that the urine proteome reflects the short-term growth and development of rats, and provides a means for in-depth and meticulous study of growth and development. Moreover, an interfering factor in animal experiments using 6- to 8-week-old rats to construct models was identified. The results of this study demonstrated that there were differences in the urinary proteome in rats aged 6-8 weeks only 3-6 days apart, which suggests that the sensitivity of urinary proteomics is high and shows the sensitive and precise response of the urinary proteome to body changes.

Characterization, taxonomic classification, and genomic analysis of two newly isolated bacteriophages with potential to infect Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli is a pathogenic bacterium that is widely distributed and can lead to serious illnesses in both humans and animals. As there is rising incidence of multidrug resistance among these bacteria, it has become imperative to discover alternative therapies beyond antibiotics to effectively treat such infections. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has the potential to treat infections caused by E. coli, as phages contain enzymes that can cause lysis or destruction of bacterial cells. Simultaneously, the easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness of next-generation sequencing technologies have led to the accumulation of a vast amount of phage sequence data. Here, phages IME177 and IME267 were isolated from sewage water of a hospital in China. Modern phylogenetic approaches and key findings from the genomic analysis revealed that phages IME177 and IME267 are classified as members of the Kayfunavirus genus, Autographiviridae family, and a newly proposed Suseptimavirus genus under subfamily Gordonclarkvirinae, respectively. Further, the Kuravirus genus reshaped into three different genera: Kuravirus, Nieuwekanaalvirus, and Suspeptimavirus, which are classified together under a higher taxonomic rank (subfamily) named Gordonclarkvirinae. No genes related to virulence were detected in the genomes of the phages IME177 and IME267. Both phages exhibited a high degree of resilience to a wide range of conditions, including pH, temperature, exposure to chloroform, and UV radiation. Phages IME177 and IME267 are promising biological agents that can infect E. coli, making them suitable candidates for use in phage therapies.IMPORTANCEBiological and taxonomic characterization of phages is essential for facilitating the development of effective strategies for phage therapy and disease control. Escherichia coli phages are incredibly diverse, and their isolation and classification help us understand the scope and nature of this diversity. By identifying new phages and grouping them into families, we can better understand the genetic and structural variations between phages and how they affect their infectivity and interactions with bacteria. Overall, the isolation and classification of E. coli phages have broad implications for both basic and applied research, clinical practice, and public health.

Reconfigurable Microlens Array Enables Tunable Imaging Based on Shape Memory Polymers.

Microlens arrays (MLAs) with a tunable imaging ability are core components of advanced micro-optical systems. Nevertheless, tunable MLAs generally suffer from high power consumption, an undeformable rigid body, large and complex systems, or limited focal length tunability. The combination of reconfigurable smart materials with MLAs may lead to distinct advantages including programmable deformation, remote manipulation, and multimodal tunability. However, unlike photopolymers that permit flexible structuring, the fabrication of tunable MLAs and compound eyes (CEs) based on transparent smart materials is still rare. In this work, we report reconfigurable MLAs that enable tunable imaging based on shape memory polymers (SMPs). The smart MLAs with closely packed 200 × 200 microlenses (40.0 µm in size) are fabricated via a combined technology that involves wet etching-assisted femtosecond laser direct writing of MLA templates on quartz, soft lithography for MLA duplication using SMPs, and the mechanical heat setting for programmable reconfiguration. By stretching or squeezing the shape memory MLAs at the transition temperature (80 °C), the size, profiles, and spatial distributions of the microlenses can be programmed. When the MLA is stretched from 0 to 120% (area ratio), the focal length is increased from 116 to 283 µm. As a proof of concept, reconfigurable MLAs and a 3D CE with a tunable field of view (FOV, 160-0°) have been demonstrated in which the thermally triggered shape memory deformation has been employed for tunable imaging. The reconfigurable MLAs and CEs with a tunable focal length and adjustable FOV may hold great promise for developing smart micro-optical systems.

Absolute tests of three flats for interferometer with 800 mm aperture.

In this study, absolute tests of three flats were performed by using an 800 mm Fizeau interferometer. The flats were installed by employing double-wedge rubber, and the deformation of the flats, primarily involving power and spherical aberrations, was analyzed by conducting finite element analysis. The measurement results revealed an astigmatism component that did not follow the rotation. The astigmatism was separated from the measurement result, and the remaining aberration was consistent with the simulation results, confirming that the astigmatism deformation did not originate from the rubber installation. Subsequently, an absolute test of an 800 mm flat was completed, and the results were compared with those of the traditional three-flat absolute test and Zygo interferometer. The directions of the vertical diameter lines were consistent. The peak-to-valley difference in the full-surface shape was less than 4 nm, and the root mean square was less than 1 nm. The surface errors of flats A and C were consistent with the result of replacing the reference flat, B, with the fourth flat, D, to perform an absolute test. The difference between flats A and C was similar to Zygo's results, thus eliminating the influence of the transmission flat. These results verified the accuracy of the results.

Research on the control rate of hypertension under family physician-contracted service.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the global public health problems. Family physician-contracted service (FPCS) is widely used in the health management of hypertension patients in China. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of FPCS on hypertension control. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Network, Chinese Scientific and Technological Journal Database (CQVIP), and Wanfang Database were searched for randomized controlled trials related to family physician-contracted service and hypertension control effect, and meta-analysis was performed on the literature meeting the inclusion criteria. The source of heterogeneity was discovered by meta-regression, and it was further investigated by subgroup analysis. The risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were utilized as effect values. Evaluations of publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also conducted. RESULTS: A total of 46 studies were included, and the pooled RD suggested that FPCS could effectively improve the control rate by 19% (RD = 0.19; 95%CI: 0.16-0.21; P < 0.001; I2 = 59.3%). The average age (ß = 0.28; P = 0.05) and the intervention mode (ß = 0.36; P < 0.001) were found to be heterogeneous sources by the meta-regression. According to subgroup analysis, the hypertension control rates of the elderly and working-age population in the experimental group were 93.6% and 90.1%, respectively; the control rates of the "family physician" mode (FP), "family physician + patient" mode (FPP) and "family physician + patient + family member" mode (FPPF) in the experimental group were 90.1%, 94.4%, and 92.6%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis revealed steady results, with no discernible publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: The FPCS is beneficial to the control of hypertension. The control effect is influenced by average age and intervention mode. The control effect of hypertension in the elderly is better than that in the working-age population, and FPP and FPPF are more beneficial to the management of hypertension than FP. The quality and continuity of FPCS should receive more focus in the future, patient self-management and family support are also essential for managing hypertension.

The interaction between ageing and Alzheimer's disease: insights from the hallmarks of ageing.

Ageing is a crucial risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is characterised by systemic changes in both intracellular and extracellular microenvironments that affect the entire body instead of a single organ. Understanding the specific mechanisms underlying the role of ageing in disease development can facilitate the treatment of ageing-related diseases, such as AD. Signs of brain ageing have been observed in both AD patients and animal models. Alleviating the pathological changes caused by brain ageing can dramatically ameliorate the amyloid beta- and tau-induced neuropathological and memory impairments, indicating that ageing plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of AD. In this review, we summarize the impact of several age-related factors on AD and propose that preventing pathological changes caused by brain ageing is a promising strategy for improving cognitive health.

Adaptive metabolic response to short-term intensive fasting.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Short-term intensive fasting (STIF), known as beego in Chinese phonetic articulation, has been practiced for more than two thousand years. However, the potential risk of STIF and the body's response to the risk have not been adequately evaluated. This study aims to address this issue, focusing on the STIF-triggered metabolic response of the liver and kidney. METHODS: The STIF procedure in the clinical trial includes a 7-day water-only intensive fasting phase and a 7-day gradual refeeding phase followed by a regular diet. The intensive fasting in humans was assisted with psychological induction. To gain insights not available in the clinical trial, we designed a STIF program for mice that resulted in similar phenotypes seen in humans. Plasma metabolic profiling and examination of gene expression as well as liver and kidney function were performed by omics, molecular, biochemical and flow cytometric analyses. A human cell line model was also used for mechanistic study. RESULTS: Clinically significant metabolites of fat and protein were found to accumulate during the fasting phase, but they were relieved after gradual refeeding. Metabolomics profiling revealed a universal pattern in the consumption of metabolic intermediates, in which pyruvate and succinate are the two key metabolites during STIF. In the STIF mouse model, the accumulation of metabolites was mostly counteracted by the upregulation of catabolic enzymes in the liver, which was validated in a human cell model. Kidney filtration function was partially affected by STIF but could be recovered by refeeding. STIF also reduced oxidative and inflammatory levels in the liver and kidney. Moreover, STIF improved lipid metabolism in mice with fatty liver without causing accumulation of metabolites after STIF. CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of metabolites induced by STIF can be relieved by spontaneous upregulation of catabolic enzymes, suggesting an adaptive and protective metabolic response to STIF stress in the mammalian body.

Efficiency and Toxicity of Imatinib Mesylate combined with Atorvastatin Calcium in the Treatment of Steroid-Refractory Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: A Single-center, Prospective, Single-arm, Open-label study.

INTRODUCTION: Steroid-refractory cGVHD (SR-cGVHD) presents new great challenges for treatment. We have reported imatinib monotherapy was effective to SR-cGVHD, but the CR rate was not satisfactory and the benefit was not showed specific to some target organs, previously. Imatinib and statin drugs have been recognized to regulate T-cell function, statins also have been demonstrated endothelia protection, but whether this combination therapy was able to improve the efficacy remains unknown. Therefore, we designed this prospective, single-arm, open-label trial to investigate the efficacy of imatinib-based combination therapy in the treatment of SR-cGVHD for the first time. METHODS: 60 SR-cGVHD patients were entered into this trial to investigated the combination of imatinib mesylate and atorvastatin calcium for the treatment of SR-cGVHD. The primary endpoint included the overall response rate (ORR) after 6 months of combined treatment. The secondary endpoints included an evaluation of survival, changes in T-cell subsets and adverse events. RESULTS: At baseline, 45% (27/60) of patients had moderate cGVHD, and 55.0% (33/60) of patients had severe cGVHD. At the 6-month follow-up, a clinical response was achieved in 70.0% of patients, and a complete response (CR) was achieved in 26.7%. A total of 11.7% (7/60) of patients stopped immunosuppressive therapy at this point. After 6 months of treatment, the ORR rates of the liver, skin, eyes and oral cavity were 80.6%, 78.1%, 61.5%, and 60.9%, respectively, with the liver also having the highest CR of 58.1%. The patients with moderate cGVHD had a better CR rate than those with severe cGVHD (55.6% vs. 3.0%, P<0.0001). The overall survival in patients who with ORR was improved (P = 0.0106). Lung involvement is an independent risk factor to affected ORR achievement (P = 0.021, HR = 0.335, 95%CI 0.133-0.847), and the dosage of steroids was reduced in ORR patients. In clinical response patients, the ratio of CD8+ T cells (P = 0.0117) and Th17 cells (P = 0.0171) decreased, while the number of Treg cells (P = 0.0147) increased after 3 months. The most common adverse events were edema, nausea, and neutropenia which were 13.3%, 11.7%, and 11.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Combination treatment with imatinib mesylate and atorvastatin calcium was effective in treating SR-cGVHD and significantly decreased target organ injury, especially liver damage, indicating that T-cell regulatory function may play an important role in this process.

Enhancing Cytochrome C Recognition and Adsorption through Epitope-Imprinted Mesoporous Silica with a Tailored Pore Size.

We have reported the synthesis of epitope-imprinted mesoporous silica (EIMS) with an average pore size of 6.2 nm, which is similar to the geometrical size of the target protein, cytochrome C (Cyt c, 2.6 × 3.2 × 3.3 nm3), showing great recognition and large-scale adsorption performance. The characteristic fragment of Cyt c was used as a template and docked onto the surface of C16MIMCl micelles via multiple interactions. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the successful preparation of EIMS. Due to the ordered pore structure, larger pore size, and high specific surface area, the prepared EIMS show superior specificity (IF = 3.8), excellent selectivity toward Cyt c, high adsorption capacity (249.6 mg g-1), and fast adsorption equilibrium (10 min). This study demonstrates the potential application of EIMS with a controllable pore size for high-effective and large-scale separation of Cyt c, providing a new approach for effective biomacromolecular recognition.

Temporal associations of BMI and glucose parameters with depressive symptoms among US adults.

As the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and depression increases, it is important to examine how their associations are changing overtime. We investigated the temporal trends in the association between depressive symptoms, body mass index (BMI) and glucose profile parameters using data from 2005 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire. A total of 32,653 participants were included. Risk of depressive symptoms increased with higher BMI (aOR = 1.586, 95 % CI [1.364, 1.843]), insulin (aOR = 1.327, 95 % CI [1.159, 1.519]), HbA1c (aOR = 1.330, 95 % CI [1.116, 1.585]), or fasting glucose (aOR = 1.565, 95 % CI [1.247, 1.964]) levels compared to those with low levels. Sex differences were found, as overweight males had lower odds of depressive symptoms compared to healthy males, while overweight and obese females had higher odds compared to healthy females. High BMI and glucose parameters were consistently associated with higher depressive symptoms prevalence over time. Temporal variations were observed in the depressive symptoms-BMI and depressive symptoms-HbA1c associations, particularly at the 2007-2008 cycle. This study provides analytic insights into population level trends concerning physical and mental health problems.